About the Authors xxixAcknowledgements xxxiSources of Information xxxiiiGlossary and Abbreviations xxxv1 Introduction 1References 42 The Airframe and Systems Overview 52.1 Introduction 52.2 The Airframe 62.2.1 Impact on the structure 82.2.2 Impact on Atmosphere 82.2.3 Atmosphere Impact on Structure 92.2.4 The Crash Case 102.3 The Aircraft Systems 102.3.1 System Diagram 102.3.2 Key Characteristics of Systems 122.4 Classification of Aircraft Roles 142.4.1 Commercial 142.4.2 General Aviation 152.4.3 Regional 152.4.4 Long Haul 152.4.5 Military 162.4.6 Air Superiority 162.4.7 Ground Attack 172.4.8 Strategic Bombing 182.4.9 Maritime Patrol 182.4.10 Battlefield Surveillance 192.4.11 Airborne EarlyWarning (AEW) 202.4.12 ElectronicWarfare 212.4.13 Photographic Reconnaissance 212.4.14 Air-to-Air Refuelling 222.4.15 Troop and Materiel Transport 222.4.16 Training Aircraft 232.4.17 Unmanned Air Vehicles 232.4.18 Special Roles 242.4.19 Law Enforcement and Civilian Agencies 252.5 Classification of Systems 252.6 Stakeholders 262.7 Example Architectures 272.8 Data Bus 292.9 Summary and Conclusions 34References 34Exercises 353 Vehicle Systems 373.1 Propulsion System 383.1.1 Purpose of System 393.1.2 Description 393.1.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 393.1.4 Key Integration Aspects 403.1.5 Key Interfaces 413.1.6 Key Design Drivers 423.1.7 Modelling 423.1.8 References 433.1.9 Sizing Considerations 433.1.10 Future Considerations 433.2 Fuel System 443.2.1 Purpose of System 453.2.2 Description 453.2.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 463.2.4 Key Integration Aspects 463.2.5 Key Interfaces 473.2.6 Key Design Drivers 483.2.7 Modelling 483.2.8 References 483.2.9 Sizing Considerations 483.2.10 Future Considerations 483.3 Electrical Power Generation and Distribution 503.3.1 Purpose of System 503.3.2 Description 503.3.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 503.3.4 Key Integration Aspects 513.3.5 Key Interfaces 513.3.6 Key Design Drivers 513.3.7 Modelling 513.3.8 References 523.3.9 Sizing Considerations 523.3.10 Future Considerations 523.4 Hydraulic Power Generation and Distribution 533.4.1 Purpose of the System 543.4.2 Description 543.4.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 543.4.4 Key Integration Aspects 543.4.5 Key Interfaces 543.4.6 Key Design Drivers 553.4.7 Modelling 553.4.8 References 553.4.9 Sizing Considerations 553.4.10 Future Considerations 563.5 Bleed Air System 563.5.1 Purpose of the System 573.5.2 Description 573.5.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 573.5.4 Key Integration Aspects 573.5.5 Key Interfaces 573.5.6 Key Design Drivers 583.5.7 Modelling 583.5.8 References 583.5.9 Sizing Considerations 583.5.10 Future Considerations 583.6 Secondary Power Systems 593.6.1 Purpose of System 603.6.2 Description 603.6.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 603.6.4 Key Integration Aspects 603.6.5 Key Interfaces 603.6.6 Key Design Drivers 603.6.7 Modelling 613.6.8 References 613.6.9 Sizing Considerations 613.6.10 Future Considerations 613.7 Emergency Power Systems 613.7.1 Purpose of System 633.7.2 Description 633.7.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 633.7.4 Key Integration Aspects 633.7.5 Key Interfaces 643.7.6 Key Design Drivers 643.7.7 Modelling 643.7.8 References 643.7.9 Sizing Considerations 643.7.10 Future Considerations 653.8 Flight Control System 653.8.1 Purpose of System 653.8.2 Description 663.8.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 663.8.4 Key Integration Aspects 663.8.5 Key Interfaces 663.8.6 Key Design Drivers 673.8.7 Modelling 673.8.8 References 673.8.9 Sizing Considerations 673.8.10 Future Considerations 683.9 Landing Gear 683.9.1 Purpose of System 693.9.2 Description 693.9.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 693.9.4 Key Integration Aspects 703.9.5 Key Interfaces 703.9.6 Key Design Drivers 703.9.7 Modelling 703.9.8 References 703.9.9 Sizing Considerations 713.9.10 Future Considerations 713.10 Brakes and Anti-skid 713.10.1 Purpose of System 723.10.2 Description 723.10.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 723.10.4 Key Integration Aspects 723.10.5 Key Interfaces 723.10.6 Key Design Drivers 733.10.7 Modelling 733.10.8 References 733.10.9 Sizing Considerations 733.10.10 Future Considerations 733.11 Steering System 733.11.1 Purpose of System 743.11.2 Description 743.11.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 753.11.4 Key Integration Aspects 753.11.5 Key Interfaces 753.11.6 Key Design Drivers 753.11.7 Modelling 753.11.8 References 753.11.9 Sizing Considerations 763.11.10 Future Considerations 763.12 Environmental Control System 763.12.1 Purpose of System 773.12.2 Description 773.12.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 773.12.4 Key Integration Aspects 773.12.5 Key Interfaces 773.12.6 Key Design Drivers 783.12.7 Modelling 783.12.8 References 783.12.9 Sizing Considerations 783.12.10 Future Considerations 783.13 Fire Protection System 793.13.1 Purpose of System 803.13.2 Description 803.13.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 803.13.4 Key Integration Aspects 813.13.5 Key Interfaces 813.13.6 Key Design Drivers 813.13.7 Modelling 813.13.8 References 823.13.9 Sizing Considerations 823.13.10 Future Considerations 823.14 Ice Detection 833.14.1 Purpose of System 833.14.2 Description 833.14.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 833.14.4 Key Integration Aspects 833.14.5 Key Interfaces 833.14.6 Key Design Drivers 843.14.7 Modelling 843.14.8 References 843.14.9 Sizing Considerations 843.14.10 Future Considerations 853.15 Ice Protection 853.15.1 Purpose of System 853.15.2 Description 853.15.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 853.15.4 Key Integration Aspects 853.15.5 Key Interfaces 863.15.6 Key Design Drivers 863.15.7 Modelling 863.15.8 References 863.15.9 Sizing Considerations 863.15.10 Future Considerations 863.16 External Lighting 863.16.1 Purpose of System 873.16.2 Description 873.16.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 873.16.4 Key Integration Aspects 883.16.5 Key Interfaces 883.16.6 Key Design Drivers 883.16.7 Modelling 883.16.8 References 883.16.9 Sizing Considerations 883.16.10 Future Considerations 883.17 Probe Heating 893.17.1 Purpose of System 893.17.2 Description 893.17.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 903.17.4 Key Integration Aspects 903.17.5 Key Interfaces 903.17.6 Key Design Drivers 903.17.7 Modelling 903.17.8 References 913.17.9 Sizing Considerations 913.17.10 Future Considerations 913.18 Vehicle Management System (VMS) 923.18.1 Purpose of System 923.18.2 Description 923.18.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 923.18.4 Key Integration Aspects 923.18.5 Key Interfaces 923.18.6 Key Design Drivers 933.18.7 Modelling 933.18.8 References 933.18.9 Sizing Considerations 933.18.10 Future Considerations 933.19 Crew Escape 933.19.1 Purpose of System 943.19.2 Description 943.19.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 953.19.4 Key Integration Aspects 953.19.5 Key Interfaces 953.19.6 Key Design Drivers 963.19.7 Modelling 963.19.8 References 963.19.9 Sizing Considerations 963.19.10 Future Considerations 963.20 Canopy Jettison 973.20.1 Purpose of System 973.20.2 Description 973.20.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 983.20.4 Key Integration Aspects 983.20.5 Key Interfaces 983.20.6 Key Design Drivers 983.20.7 Modelling 983.20.8 References 993.20.9 Sizing Considerations 993.20.10 Future Considerations 993.21 Oxygen 993.21.1 Purpose of System 993.21.2 Description 993.21.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1013.21.4 Key Integration Aspect 1013.21.5 Key Interfaces 1013.21.6 Key Design Drivers 1013.21.7 Modelling 1013.21.8 References 1023.21.9 Sizing Considerations 1023.21.10 Future Considerations 1023.22 Biological and Chemical Protection 1023.22.1 Purpose of System 1033.22.2 Description 1033.22.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1033.22.4 Key Integration Aspects 1033.22.5 Key Interfaces 1033.22.6 Key Design Drivers 1033.22.7 Modelling 1043.22.8 References 1043.22.9 Sizing Considerations 1043.22.10 Future Considerations 1043.23 Arrestor Hook 1053.23.1 Purpose of System 1053.23.2 Description 1063.23.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1063.23.4 Key Integration Aspects 1063.23.5 Key Interfaces 1063.23.6 Key Design Drivers 1063.23.7 Modelling 1063.23.8 References 1073.23.9 Sizing Considerations 1073.23.10 Future Considerations 1073.24 Brake Parachute 1083.24.1 Purpose of System 1083.24.2 Description 1083.24.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1083.24.4 Key Integration Aspects 1083.24.5 Key Interfaces 1093.24.6 Key Design Drivers 1093.24.7 Modelling 1093.24.8 References 1093.24.9 Sizing Considerations 1093.24.10 Future Considerations 1093.24.11 Best Practice and Lessons Learned 1103.25 Anti-spin Parachute 1103.25.1 Purpose of System 1113.25.2 Description 1113.25.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1113.25.4 Key Integration Aspects 1113.25.5 Key Interfaces 1113.25.6 Key Design Drivers 1123.25.7 Modelling 1123.25.8 References 1123.25.9 Sizing Considerations 1123.25.10 Future Considerations 1123.26 Galley 1123.26.1 Purpose of System 1133.26.2 Description 1133.26.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1143.26.4 Key Integration Aspects 1143.26.5 Key Interfaces 1143.26.6 Key Design Drivers 1143.26.7 Modelling 1143.26.8 References 1153.26.9 Sizing Considerations 1153.26.10 Future Considerations 1153.27 Passenger Evacuation 1153.27.1 Purpose of System 1163.27.2 Description 1163.27.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1163.27.4 Key Integration Aspects 1163.27.5 Key Interfaces 1163.27.6 Key Design Drivers 1173.27.7 Modelling 1173.27.8 References 1173.27.9 Sizing Considerations 1173.27.10 Future Considerations 1173.28 In-Flight Entertainment 1173.28.1 Purpose of System 1173.28.2 Description 1183.28.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1183.28.4 Key Integration Aspects 1183.28.5 Key Interfaces 1193.28.6 Key Design Drivers 1193.28.7 Modelling 1193.28.8 References 1193.28.9 Sizing Considerations 1193.28.10 Future Considerations 1193.29 Toilet andWaterWaste 1193.29.1 Purpose of System 1203.29.2 Description 1203.29.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1203.29.4 Key Integration Aspects 1213.29.5 Key Interfaces 1213.29.6 Key Design Drivers 1213.29.7 Modelling 1213.29.8 References 1213.29.9 Sizing Considerations 1213.29.10 Future Considerations 1213.30 Cabin and Emergency Lighting 1223.30.1 Purpose of System 1223.30.2 Description 1233.30.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1233.30.4 Key Integration Aspects 1233.30.5 Key Interfaces 1233.30.6 Key Design Drivers 1233.30.7 Modelling 1233.30.8 References 1233.30.9 Sizing Considerations 1233.30.10 Future Considerations 124References 124Exercise 1264 Avionic Systems 1274.1 Displays and Controls 1274.1.1 Purpose of System 1294.1.2 Description 1294.1.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1304.1.4 Key Integration Aspects 1304.1.5 Key Interfaces 1304.1.6 Key Design Drivers 1314.1.7 Modelling 1314.1.8 References 1314.1.9 Sizing Considerations 1314.1.10 Future Considerations 1314.2 Communications 1314.2.1 Purpose of System 1324.2.2 Description 1324.2.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1334.2.4 Key Integration Aspects 1334.2.5 Key Interfaces 1334.2.6 Key Design Drivers 1334.2.7 Modelling 1344.2.8 References 1344.2.9 Sizing Considerations 1344.2.10 Future Considerations 1344.3 Navigation 1344.4 Example Navigation System Architecture 1354.4.1 Purpose of System 1354.4.2 Description 1374.4.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1374.4.4 Key Integration Aspects 1374.4.5 Key Interfaces 1374.4.6 Key Design Drivers 1374.4.7 Modelling 1374.4.8 References 1374.4.9 Sizing Considerations 1384.4.10 Future Considerations 1384.5 Flight Management System (FMS) 1384.5.1 Purpose of System 1384.5.2 Description 1384.5.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1394.5.4 Key Integration Aspects 1394.5.5 Key Interfaces 1394.5.6 Key Design Drivers 1404.5.7 Modelling 1404.5.8 References 1404.5.9 Sizing Considerations 1404.5.10 Future Considerations 1404.6 Weather Radar 1404.6.1 Purpose of System 1414.6.2 Description 1414.6.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1424.6.4 Key Integration Aspects 1424.6.5 Key Interfaces 1424.6.6 Key Design Drivers 1424.6.7 Modelling 1424.6.8 References 1434.6.9 Sizing Considerations 1434.6.10 Future Considerations 1434.7 Air Traffic Control (ATC) Transponder 1434.7.1 Purpose of System 1434.7.2 Description 1444.7.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1444.7.4 Key Integration Aspects 1444.7.5 Key Interfaces 1454.7.6 Key Design Drivers 1454.7.7 Modelling 1454.7.8 References 1454.7.9 Sizing Considerations 1454.7.10 Future Considerations 1454.8 Traffic Collision and Avoidance System (TCAS) 1464.8.1 Purpose of System 1464.8.2 Description 1464.8.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1484.8.4 Key Integration Aspects 1484.8.5 Key Interfaces 1484.8.6 Key Design Drivers 1484.8.7 Modelling 1484.8.8 References 1484.8.9 Sizing Considerations 1484.8.10 Future Considerations 1494.9 Terrain Avoidance andWarning System (TAWS) 1494.9.1 Purpose of System 1504.9.2 Description 1504.9.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1514.9.4 Key Integration Aspects 1514.9.5 Key Interfaces 1514.9.6 Key Design Drivers 1514.9.7 Modelling 1524.9.8 References 1524.9.9 Sizing Considerations 1524.9.10 Future Considerations 1524.10 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)/TACAN 1524.10.1 Purpose of System 1524.10.2 Description 1524.10.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1524.10.4 Key Integration Aspects 1534.10.5 Key Interfaces 1534.10.6 Key Design Drivers 1544.10.7 Modelling 1544.10.8 References 1544.10.9 Sizing Consideration 1544.10.10 Future Considerations 1544.11 VHF Omni-Ranging (VOR) 1544.11.1 Purpose of System 1544.11.2 Description 1544.11.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1554.11.4 Key Integration Aspects 1554.11.5 Key Interfaces 1564.11.6 Key Design Drivers 1564.11.7 Modelling 1564.11.8 References 1564.11.9 Sizing Considerations 1564.11.10 Future Considerations 1564.12 Automatic Flight Control System 1564.12.1 Purpose of System 1584.12.2 Description 1584.12.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1584.12.4 Key Integration Aspects 1594.12.5 Key Interfaces 1594.12.6 Key Design Drivers 1594.12.7 Modelling 1594.12.8 References 1594.12.9 Sizing Considerations 1604.12.10 Future Considerations 1604.13 Radar Altimeter (Rad Alt) 1604.13.1 Purpose of System 1604.13.2 Description 1614.13.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1624.13.4 Key Integration Aspects 1624.13.5 Key Interfaces 1624.13.6 Key Design Drivers 1624.13.7 Modelling 1624.13.8 References 1634.13.9 Sizing Considerations 1634.13.10 Future Considerations 1634.14 Automated Landing Aids 1634.14.1 Purpose of System 1644.14.2 Description 1644.14.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1674.14.4 Key Integration Aspects 1674.14.5 Key Interfaces 1674.14.6 Key Design Drivers 1684.14.7 Modelling 1684.14.8 References 1684.14.9 Sizing Considerations 1684.14.10 Future Considerations 1684.15 Air Data System (ADS) 1684.15.1 Purpose of System 1684.15.2 Description 1694.15.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1704.15.4 Key Integration Aspects 1714.15.5 Key Interfaces 1714.15.6 Key Design Drivers 1714.15.7 Modelling 1714.15.8 References 1714.15.9 Sizing Considerations 1724.15.10 Future Considerations 1724.16 Accident Data Recording System (ADRS) 1724.16.1 Purpose of System 1724.16.2 Description 1724.16.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1734.16.4 Key Integration Aspects 1734.16.5 Key Interfaces 1734.16.6 Key Design Drivers 1744.16.7 Modelling 1744.16.8 References 1744.16.9 Sizing Considerations 1744.16.10 Future Considerations 1744.17 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) 1744.17.1 Purpose of System 1764.17.2 Description 1764.17.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1774.17.4 Key Integration Aspects 1774.17.5 Key Interfaces 1774.17.6 Key Design Drivers 1774.17.7 Modelling 1774.17.8 References 1784.17.9 Sizing Considerations 1784.17.10 Future Considerations 1784.18 Prognostics and Health Management System (PHM) 1784.18.1 Purpose of System 1784.18.2 Description 1794.18.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1794.18.4 Key Integration Aspects 1794.18.5 Key Interfaces 1804.18.6 Key Design Drivers 1804.18.7 Modelling 1804.18.8 References 1804.18.9 Sizing Considerations 1804.18.10 Future Considerations 1804.19 Internal Lighting 1814.19.1 Purpose of System 1814.19.2 Description 1814.19.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1824.19.4 Key Integration Aspects 1824.19.5 Key Interfaces 1824.19.6 Key Design Drivers 1824.19.7 Modelling 1824.19.8 References 1834.19.9 Sizing Considerations 1834.19.10 Future Considerations 1834.20 Integrated Modular Architecture (IMA) 1834.20.1 Purpose of System 1844.20.2 Description 1844.20.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1844.20.4 Key Integration Aspects 1844.20.5 Key Interfaces 1844.20.6 Key Design Drivers 1854.20.7 Modelling 1854.20.8 References 1854.20.9 Sizing Considerations 1854.20.10 Future Considerations 1854.21 Antennas 1854.21.1 Purpose of System 1874.21.2 Description 1874.21.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1884.21.4 Key Integration Aspects 1884.21.5 Key Interfaces 1884.21.6 Key Design Drivers 1884.21.7 Modelling 1884.21.8 References 1884.21.9 Sizing Considerations 1884.21.10 Future Considerations 189References 1895 Mission Systems 1915.1 Radar System 1925.1.1 Purpose of System 1945.1.2 Description 1955.1.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1955.1.4 Key Integration Aspects 1955.1.5 Key Interfaces 1955.1.6 Key Design Drivers 1965.1.7 Modelling 1965.1.8 References 1965.1.9 Sizing Considerations 1965.1.10 Future Considerations 1975.2 Electro-optical System 1975.2.1 Purpose of System 1975.2.2 Description 1985.2.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 1995.2.4 Key Integration Aspects 1995.2.5 Key Interfaces 1995.2.6 Key Design Drivers 1995.2.7 Modelling 1995.2.8 References 1995.2.9 Sizing Considerations 1995.2.10 Future Considerations 2005.3 Electronic Support Measures (ESM) 2005.3.1 Purpose of System 2015.3.2 Description 2015.3.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2015.3.4 Key Integration Aspects 2015.3.5 Key Interfaces 2015.3.6 Key Design Drivers 2025.3.7 Modelling 2025.3.8 References 2025.3.9 Sizing Considerations 2025.3.10 Future Considerations 2025.4 Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) 2025.4.1 Purpose of System 2035.4.2 Description 2035.4.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2035.4.4 Key Integration Aspects 2035.4.5 Key Interfaces 2045.4.6 Key Design Drivers 2045.4.7 Modelling 2045.4.8 References 2045.4.9 Sizing Consideration 2045.4.10 Future Considerations 2045.5 Acoustic System 2055.5.1 Purpose of System 2055.5.2 Description 2065.5.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2065.5.4 Key Integration Aspects 2065.5.5 Key Interfaces 2065.5.6 Key Design Drivers 2075.5.7 Modelling 2075.5.8 References 2075.5.9 Sizing Considerations 2075.5.10 Future Considerations 2075.6 Mission Computing System 2075.6.1 Purpose of System 2075.6.2 Description 2085.6.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2085.6.4 Key Integration Aspects 2085.6.5 Key Interfaces 2085.6.6 Key Design Drivers 2095.6.7 Modelling 2095.6.8 References 2095.6.9 Sizing Considerations 2095.6.10 Future Considerations 2095.7 Defensive Aids 2095.7.1 Purpose of System 2115.7.2 Description 2115.7.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2115.7.4 Key Integration Aspects 2115.7.5 Key Interfaces 2115.7.6 Key Design Drivers 2125.7.7 Modelling 2125.7.8 References 2125.7.9 Sizing Considerations 2125.7.10 Future Considerations 2125.8 Station Keeping System 2125.8.1 Purpose of System 2135.8.2 Description 2135.8.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2135.8.4 Key Integration Aspects 2135.8.5 Key Interfaces 2145.8.6 Key Design Drivers 2145.8.7 Modelling 2145.8.8 References 2145.8.9 Sizing Considerations 2145.8.10 Future Considerations 2145.9 ElectronicWarfare System 2145.9.1 Purpose of System 2165.9.2 Description 2165.9.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2165.9.4 Key Integration Aspects 2165.9.5 Key Interfaces 2165.9.6 Key Design Drivers 2175.9.7 Modelling 2175.9.8 References 2175.9.9 Sizing Considerations 2175.9.10 Future Considerations 2175.10 Camera System 2175.10.1 Purpose of System 2185.10.2 Description 2185.10.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2195.10.4 Key Integration Aspects 2195.10.5 Key Interfaces 2195.10.6 Key Design Drivers 2195.10.7 Modelling 2195.10.8 References 2195.10.9 Sizing Considerations 2195.10.10 Future Considerations 2205.11 Head Up Display (HUD) 2205.11.1 Purpose of System 2215.11.2 Description 2215.11.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2215.11.4 Key Integration Aspects 2215.11.5 Key Interfaces 2215.11.6 Key Design Drivers 2225.11.7 Modelling 2225.11.8 References 2225.11.9 Sizing Considerations 2225.11.10 Future Considerations 2225.12 Helmet Mounted Systems 2225.12.1 Purpose of System 2235.12.2 Description 2235.12.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2235.12.4 Key Integration Aspects 2235.12.5 Key Interfaces 2245.12.6 Key Design Drivers 2245.12.7 Modelling 2245.12.8 Reference 2245.12.9 Sizing Considerations 2245.12.10 Future Considerations 2245.13 Data Link 2245.13.1 Purpose of System 2255.13.2 Description 2265.13.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2265.13.4 Key Integration Aspects 2265.13.5 Key Interfaces 2265.13.6 Key Design Drivers 2265.13.7 Modelling 2265.13.8 References 2265.13.9 Sizing Considerations 2275.13.10 Future Considerations 2275.14 Weapon System 2275.14.1 Purpose of System 2285.14.2 Description 2285.14.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2285.14.4 Key Integration Aspect 2295.14.5 Key Interfaces 2295.14.6 Key Design Drivers 2295.14.7 Modelling 2305.14.8 References 2305.14.9 Sizing Considerations 2305.14.10 Future Considerations 2305.15 Mission System Displays and Controls 2305.15.1 Purpose of System 2325.15.2 Description 2325.15.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2335.15.4 Key Integration Aspect 2335.15.5 Key Interfaces 2335.15.6 Key Design Drivers 2335.15.7 Modelling 2335.15.8 References 2345.15.9 Sizing Considerations 2345.15.10 Future Considerations 2345.16 Mission System Antennas 2345.16.1 Purpose of System 2365.16.2 Description 2365.16.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2365.16.4 Key Integration Aspects 2365.16.5 Key Interfaces 2365.16.6 Key Design Drivers 2375.16.7 Modelling 2375.16.8 References 2375.16.9 Sizing Considerations 2375.16.10 Future Considerations 237References 237Further Reading 239Exercises 2396 Supporting Ground Systems 2416.1 Flight Test Data Analysis 2436.1.1 Purpose of System 2446.1.2 Description 2456.1.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2456.1.4 Key Integration Aspects 2456.1.5 Key Interfaces 2456.1.6 Key Design Drivers 2456.1.7 Modelling 2466.1.8 Sizing Considerations 2466.2 Maintenance Management System 2466.2.1 Purpose of System 2466.2.2 Description 2466.2.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2476.2.4 Key Integration Aspects 2476.2.5 Key Interfaces 2476.2.6 Key Design Drivers 2476.2.7 Modelling 2486.2.8 Sizing Considerations 2486.3 Accident Data Recording 2486.3.1 Purpose of System 2496.3.2 Description 2496.3.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2496.3.4 Key Integration Aspects 2496.3.5 Key Interfaces 2496.3.6 Key Design Drivers 2496.3.7 Modelling 2496.3.8 Sizing Considerations 2506.4 Mission Data Management (Mission Support System) 2506.4.1 Purpose of System 2506.4.2 Description 2506.4.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2516.4.4 Key Integration Aspects 2516.4.5 Key Interfaces 2516.4.6 Key Design Drivers 2516.4.7 Modelling 2526.4.8 References 2526.4.9 Sizing Considerations 2526.5 UAV Control 2526.5.1 Purpose of System 2526.5.2 Description 2526.5.3 Safety/Integrity Aspects 2536.5.4 Key Integration Aspects 2536.5.5 Key Interfaces 2546.5.6 Key Design Drivers 2546.5.7 Modelling 2546.5.8 References 2546.5.9 Sizing Considerations 254References 254Exercises 2557 Modelling of Systems Architectures 2577.1 Introduction 2577.1.1 Principle of Avionics Integration 2587.2 Literature Survey of Methods 2597.2.1 Model-Based Development 2597.2.2 Modelling and Analysis Techniques 2607.2.3 Integrated Development Environment 2627.2.4 Model Management 2627.2.5 State-of-the-Art Avionics Architecture Modelling 2637.2.6 Things Need to be Modelled 2637.2.7 Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) 2647.2.8 AADL-Based Modelling of IMA 2657.2.9 Mathematical-Based Modelling of IMA 2657.2.10 General Assignment and Mapping Problem 2667.2.11 An Overview of IMA Architecture Optimisation 2687.2.12 Architecture Design and Optimisation in Other Industries 2737.2.13 Comparison of Modelling Approaches 2757.2.14 Comparison of Optimisation Methods 2767.3 Avionics Integration Architecture Methodology 2777.3.1 Aircraft Level Avionics Requirements 2797.3.2 Avionics Functional Decomposition 2807.3.3 Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) Architecture 2837.3.4 Avionics Systems Architecture 2857.3.5 Avionics Equipment List and Technical Specifications 2857.3.6 Avionics LRUs Operational Capability Assessment 2857.3.7 Simple AdditiveWeighting (SAW) Method 2877.3.8 Operational Capability Assessment 2887.3.9 Avionics Equipment Database 2897.3.10 Avionics Integration Optimisation Software Architecture 2897.4 Avionics Integration Modelling of Optimisation 2927.4.1 IMA Architecture Layers for Allocation Modelling 2927.4.2 Integer Programming 2937.4.3 Avionics LRUs Assignment Problem 2947.4.4 Avionics Integration Constraints 2947.5 Simulations and Results for a Sample Architecture 2977.5.1 GAMS 2977.5.2 MATLAB Function and PSO 2987.6 Conclusion 300References 3008 Summary and Future Developments 3058.1 Introduction 3058.2 Systems of Systems 3058.2.1 Example of the Flight Deck as a System of Systems 3068.2.2 Customer Requirement 3068.2.3 Standards and Regulations 3068.2.4 Human Factors Aspects 3068.2.5 Vehicle Systems Aspects 3098.2.6 Avionic Systems Aspects 3108.2.7 Mission Systems Aspects 3118.2.8 General Aspects 3118.2.9 Structural Aspects 3128.2.10 Physical Aspects 3138.2.11 Flight Simulation 3148.3 Architectures 3148.4 Other Considerations 3158.4.1 Integration 3158.4.2 Complexity 3188.4.3 Chaos 3198.4.4 Emergent Properties 3228.4.5 Fitness For Purpose 3228.5 Conclusion 3238.6 What's Next? 323Exercise 327Index 329