PRINCIPLES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE 1. Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics 2. Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of Methods 3. Preanalytical Variation 4. Biological Variation and Analytical Performance Specifications 5. Establishment and Use of Reference Intervals 6. Specimen Collection, Processing, and Other Preanalytical Variables 7. Quality Control of the Analytical Examination Process ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 8. Principles of Basic Techniques and Laboratory Safety 9. Optical Techniques 10. Electrochemistry and Chemical Sensors 11. Electrophoresis？ 12. Chromatography 13. Mass Spectrometry？ 14. Enzyme and Rate Analyses 15. Immunochemical Techniques？ 16. Automation in the Clinical Laboratory 17. Point-of-Care Testing ANALYTES 18. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 19. Serum Enzymes 20. Tumor Markers 21. Kidney Function Tests 22. Carbohydrates 23. Lipids and Lipoproteins 24. Electrolytes and Blood Gases 25. Hormones 26. Catecholamines and Serotonin 27. Vitamins and Trace Elements 28. Hemoglobin and Iron 29. Porphyrins and Porphyrias 30. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 31. Clinical Toxicology？ 32. Toxic elements PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 33. Diabetes Mellitus 34. Cardiac Function 35. Kidney Disease 36. Physiology and Disorders of Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Metabolism 37. Liver Disease 38. Gastric, Intestinal and Pancreatic Function 39. Bone and Mineral Metabolism 40. Disorders of the Pituitary Gland 41. Adrenal Cortex 42. Thyroid Disorders 43. Reproductive Endocrinology and Related Disorders 44. Pregnancy and Prenatal Testing 45. Newborn Screening and Inborn Errors of Metabolism 46. Pharmacogenetics MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS 47. Principles of Molecular Biology 48. Genomes, Variants, and Massively Paralleled Methods 49. Molecular Microbiology REFERENCE INFORMATION 50. Appendix : Reference Information for the Clinical Laboratory