PrefaceChapter 1 Introduction to Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion 11.1 Hypersonic Flow and Hypersonic Flight 31.2 Chemical Propulsion Systems 51.3 Classes of Hypersonic Vehicles 111.4 Scramjet Engine-Vehicle Integration 141.5 Chemical Propulsion Performance Comparison 151.6 Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion Historical Overview 171.7 Scramjet Flight Demonstration Programs 241.8 New Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion Programs 271.9 Critical Technologies 301.10 Critical Design Issues 33References 36Chapter 2 Theoretical Background2.1 Atmospheric Flight2.2 Air Thermodynamic Models2.3 Fundamental Equations2.4 Thermodynamic Cycle of Air-Breathing Propulsion2.5 Air-Breathing Propulsion Performance Measures2.6 Shock Waves in Hypersonic Flow2.7 One-Dimensional Flow with Heat Addition2.8 Closing RemarksReferencesChapter 3 Aerothermodynamics of Vehicle-Integrated Scramjet3.1 Aerothermodynamic Environment3.2 Hypersonic Viscous Flow Phenomena3.3 Laminar to Turbulent Transition in Hypersonic Flows3.4 Hypersonic Flowfield for Propulsion-Integrated Vehicles3.5 Convective Heat Transfer or Aerodynamic Heating3.6 NASA X-43A Leading Edge Flight Hardware3.7 Inlet Shock-On Lip Condition or Inlet Speeding3.8 Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions in the Propulsion Flowpath3.9 Inlet Unstart3.10 Closing RemarksReferencesChapter 4 Scramjet Inlet/Forebody and Isolator4.1 Introduction4.2 Engine Inlet Function and Design Requirements4.3 Inlet Types4.4 Inlet Compression System Performance4.5 Hypersonic Inlet Design4.6 Inlet Operation: Start and Unstart4.7 Inlet Aerodynamics4.8 IsolatorReferencesChapter 5 Scramjet Combustor5.1 Combustor Process Desired Properties5.2 Combustor Entrance Conditions5.3 Combustion Stoichiometry5.4 Combustion Flowfield5.5 Scramjet Combustor Geometry5.6 Scramjet Combustor Design Issues5.7 Closing RemarksReferencesChapter 6 Fuels for Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion6.1 Introduction6.2 Endothermic Fuels6.3 Heat Sink Capacity of Hydrogen and Endothermic Fuels6.4 Fuel Heat Sink Requirements6.5 Ignition Characteristics of Fuels6.6 Mixing Characteristics of Cracked Hydrocarbon Fuels6.7 Structural and Heat Transfer Considerations6.8 Fuel System Integration and Control6.9 Combustor Technical Challenges with Hydrocarbon Fuels6.10 Impact of Fuel Selection on Hypersonic Vehicle Design6.11 Fuels Research for Air-Breathing PropulsionReferencesChapter 7 Dual-Mode Combustion Scramjet7.1 Introduction7.2 Phenomenological Description of Dual-Mode Scramjet7.3 Heat Addition to Flow in Constant Area Duct7.4 Divergent Combustor and Heat Release7.5 Combustor Mode Transition Studies7.6 Closing RemarksReferencesChapter 8 Scramjet Nozzle/Aftbody8.1 Introduction8.2 Nozzle Geometric Configurations8.3 Nozzle Performance Parameters8.4 Nozzle Flow Losses8.5 SERN Design8.6 Nozzle Ground Testing Issues8.7 Special Topics for Further Research8.8 Closing RemarksReferencesChapter 9 Materials, Structures, and Thermal Management9.1 Hypersonic Flight Mission Characteristics9.2 Aerodynamic Heating9.3 Hypersonic Integrated Structures9.4 High Temperature Materials Requirements and Properties9.5 Selected Materials for Hypersonics9.6 Examples of Vehicle Development Structure and Materials9.7 Materials and Structures Technical ChallengesReferencesChapter 10 Scramjets and Combined Cycle Propulsion10.1 Aerospace Propulsion10.2 Combined Cycle Propulsion for Hypersonic Cruise10.3 From Take-off to Hypersonic Cruise10.4 Ideal Cycle Analysis of Turbojet and Ramjet Engines10.5 One-Stage and Two-Stage to Orbit Concepts10.6 Propulsion for Spaceplanes10.7 Hydrogen for Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion10.8 Technical Challenges for Combined Cycle Propulsion10.9 Closing RemarksReferencesChapter 11 Ground Testing and Evaluation11.1 Introduction11.2 Airframe/Propulsion Integrated Vehicle Design Requirements11.3 Ground Testing Overview11.4 Ground Testing for the NASA Hyper-X Program11.5 Ground Testing for the USAF X-51A Waverider11.6 ONERA Ground Testing for the European LAPCAT2 Combustor11.7 Vitiated versus Clean Air Hypersonic Wind Tunnel11.8 Diagnostics and Measurements for Scramjet CombustionChapter 12 Analysis, Computational Modeling and Simulation12.1 Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Turbulence12.2 Surrogate-based analysis and optimization (SBAO)12.3 Flowfield in Highly Integrated Hypersonic Airbreathing Vehicle12.4 NASA Hyper-X Program Computational Modeling Requirements12.5 Overview of Selected CFD Analysis Cases12.6 Closing RemarksChapter 13 Hypersonic Air-Breathing Flight Testing13.1 Introduction13.2 Flight Operational Envelope13.3 Flight Test Technique Concepts13.4 NASA Air-lifted, Rocket-boosted Approach13.5 Australia/USA Flight Experiments with Sounding Rockets13.6 Russia CIAM and NASA Partnership for Scramjet Flight Testing13.7 Hypersonic Flight Demonstration Program (HyFly)13.8 Phoenix Air-Launched Small Missile (ALSM)13.9 Gun-Launched Scramjet Missile Testing13.10 X-43A Flight Test Mishap13.11 Ending RemarksPostscriptGlossaryNomenclatureIndex