Preface. I. Assessment: An Overview 1. Assessment of Students 2. Assessment Processes and Concerns 3. Legal and Ethical Considerations in Assessment II. Basic Concepts of Measurement 4. Descriptive Statistics 5. Quantification of Test Performance 6. Norms 7. Reliability 8. Validity 9. Adapting Tests to Accommodate Students with Disabilities 10. Testing Students with Limited English Proficiency III. Assessment in Classrooms 11. Assessing Behavior Through Observation 12. Assessing Instructional Ecology 13. Teacher-Made Tests of Achievement 14. Portfolio Assessment IV. Assessment Using Formal Measures 15. How to Evaluate a Test 16. Assessment of Intelligence: An Overview 17. Assessment of Intelligence: Individual Tests 18. Assessment of Intelligence: Group Tests 19. Assessment of Sensory Acuity 20. Assessment of Perceptual and Perceptual-Motor Skills 21. Assessment of Academic Achievement with Multiple-Skill Devices 22. Assessment of Reading 23. Assessment of Mathematics 24. Assessment of Language 25. Assessment of Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers 26. Assessment of Social and Emotional Behavior 27. Assessment of Adaptive Behavior V. Decision Making 28. Teacher Decision Making 29. Making Entitlement Decisions 30. Assessing Response to Instruction 31. Making Accountability Decisions Epilogue The Evolution of Assessment Practice: Where Are We Headed? Appendix 1. Areas of Nomal Curve. Appendix 2. Equations Used in the Text. Glossary. References. Credits. Index.