Preface viiiAcknowledgements ixUnits, symbols and abbreviations xHow to use your textbook xviPart 1 General1 Recognising the unwell patient 22 Managing the critically ill patient 43 Monitoring in critical care medicine 64 The electrocardiogram 85 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 106 Oxygen transport 127 Shock 148 Circulatory assessment 169 Fluid management: pathophysiological factors 1810 Fluid management: assessment and prescription 2011 Fluid management: fluid choice 2212 Inotropes and vasopressors 2313 Failure of oxygenation and respiratory failure 2414. Oxygenation and oxygen therapy 2615. Airways obstruction and management 2816 Non-invasive ventilation 3017 Endotracheal intubation 3218 Mechanical ventilation 3419 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation20 Respiratory management, weaning and tracheostomy21 Arterial blood gases and acid-base balance22 Analgesia, sedation and paralysis23 Enteral and parenteral nutrition24 Hypothermia and hyperthermia25 Assessment of the patient with suspected infection26 Sepsis and septic shock27 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections28 Fever in the returning traveller29 Fever (pyrexia) of unknown origin30 Coronavirus disease 201931 End of life issues 56Part 2 MedicalCardiac32 Acute coronary syndromes I: clinical pathophysiology33 Acute coronary syndromes II: investigations and management34 Arrhythmias: tachyarrhythmias35 Arrhythmias: bradyarrhythmias36 Heart failure and pulmonary oedema37 Cardiac emergencies38 Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolismRespiratory39 Chest imaging and bronchoscopy40 Community-acquired pneumonia41 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia42 Asthma43 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease44 Acute respiratory distress syndrome45 Pneumothorax and air leaks46 Respiratory emergenciesRenal and metabolic47 Acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and clinical aspects48 Acute kidney injury: management and renal replacement therapy49 Electrolyte disturbances: sodium and potassium50 Electrolyte disturbances: calcium51 Electrolyte disturbances: magnesium and phosphate52 Diabetic emergencies53 Endocrine emergenciesGastrointestinal54 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage55 Jaundice56 Acute liver failure57 Acute pancreatitis58 Vomiting and intestinal obstruction59 Diarrhoea60 Ascites61 Abdominal imagingNeurological62 Acute confusional state, coma and status epilepticus63 Stroke64 Other cerebral vascular disorders65 Infective neurological emergencies66 Neuromuscular conditionsInfective67 Specific bacterial infections68 Common adult viral infections69 Common fungal and protozoal infections70 The immune compromised patientOther systems71 Coagulation disorders and transfusion72 Drug overdose and poisoning73 Dermatology in ICUPart 3 Surgical 13974 Trauma75 Traumatic brain (head) injury76 Chest trauma77 Acute abdominal emergencies78 Obstetric emergencies79 Burns, toxic inhalation and electrical injuries80 Envenomation, stings and bitesPart 4 Self-assessmentCase studies and questionsCase studies answersAppendicesAppendix I Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment scoreAppendix II Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs (based on Vaughan Williams classification)Appendix III Pacemaker types and classificationsAppendix IV Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) staging system for acute kidney injuryAppendix V Rockall risk-scoring system for gastrointestinal bleedsAppendix VI Child-Pugh gradingAppendix VII Typical criteria for liver transplantationAppendix VIII Royal College of Physicians' top nutrition tipsIndex