TRAUMA Trauma Overview Primary Effects of CNS Trauma Secondary Effects and Sequelae of CNS Trauma NONTRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGE AND VASCULAR LESIONS Approach to Nontraumatic Hemorrhage and Vascular Lesions Spontaneous Parenchymal Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms Vascular Malformations Arterial Anatomy and Strokes Venous Anatomy and Occlusions Vasculopathy INFECTION, INFLAMMATION, AND DEMYELINATING DISEASES Approach to Infection, Inflammation, and Demyelination Congenital, Acquired Pyogenic, and Acquired Viral Infections Tuberculosis and Fungal, Parasitic, and Other Infections HIV/AIDS Demyelinating and Inflammatory Diseases NEOPLASMS, CYSTS, AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS Introduction to CNS Neoplasms and Nonneoplastic Cysts Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas Pediatric-Type Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas Pediatric-Type Diffuse High-Grade Gliomas Circumscribed Astrocytic Gliomas Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors Ependymal Tumors Choroid Plexus Tumors Embryonal Tumors Pineal and Germ Cell Tumors Cranial Nerve Tumors Meningiomas Mesenchymal, Nonmeningothelial Tumors Hematolymphoid Tumors Sellar Region Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions Metastases and Paraneoplastic Syndromes Nonneoplastic Cysts Miscellaneous Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions TOXIC, METABOLIC, DEGENERATIVE, AND CSF DISORDERS Approach to Toxic, Metabolic, Degenerative, and CSF Disorders Toxic Encephalopathy Inherited Metabolic Disorders Acquired Metabolic and Systemic Disorders Dementias and Brain Degenerations Hydrocephalus and CSF Disorders CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND GENETIC TUMOR SYNDROMES Approach to Congenital Malformations Posterior Fossa Malformations Commissural and Cortical Maldevelopment Holoprosencephalies, Related Disorders, and Mimics Genetic Tumor Syndromes Involving the CNS Vascular Neurocutaneous Syndromes Anomalies of the Skull and Meninges