절망, 희망의 반대 상태 혹은 그렇게 느끼는 것. 에릭슨은 절망감이 인생의 주기 중 노년기에 나타나는 것이지만, ‘특히 어린 시절, 혹은 청소년 시절에 가졌어야 할 모든 상황과 극복했어야 할 장애물을 극복하지 못했을 때 생겨나는 것들이 축적되어 쓰나미처럼 몰려오는 것’이라고 했다고 합니다. 지난 삶의 어떤 시기에 대한 후회나 낙심, 잃어버린 시간에 대한 후회감. 가야 할 길은 아직 먼 것 같은데 할 수 없다고 생각되는 포기 상태, 희망 없음의 상태, 이런 멘붕(멘탈붕괴) 상태가 공부의 시기 중간 중간 찾아올 수도 있습니다. 에릭슨은 8단계의 인생 주기를 마지막 노년기부터, 어린아이가 태어나 엄마와 교류하며 희망을 갖게 되는 첫 단계까지 거꾸로 써 내려갔다고 합니다. 에릭슨의 주기에 따르면 사실 절망감은 인생의 마지막 주기에 이르러, 해결될 수도 없는 채 남아 있는 무엇에 대해 다시 되돌아갈 수도, 더 이상 무언가를 해볼 수 없는 그 마지막 시기의 것입니다. 마지막 주기에서부터 거꾸로 내려올수록 우리 모두는 언제든 희망을 가지고 다시 무언가 해볼 수 있다는 이야기를 에릭슨이 들려주는 것 같습니다. 인간에 대한 섬세하고 깊은 사랑을 가지고서요. 그러므로 절망감은 우리들에게 속한 것이 아직 아니라는 것을 함께 되새기고 싶습니다. 감동도, 의욕도, 의미도 없는 것 같은 상태가 우리에게 찾아올 때마다 항상요. 올해는 특별히 ‘마지막 시험이라고 생각하고 잘하고 싶어요’라며 글 주신 분들이 계셔서 많은 생각 끝에 희망을 이야기하는 머리말을 써보게 되었습니다. 전에 희망과 꿈에 대해 저의 상담 선생님이셨던 분께서 주신 이야기를 여기 공유하며 마무리 지으려 합니다. “교사이고 상담가인 우리 자신에게 있어 미래와 주어진 시간에 대한 희망과 의미를 갖는 것은 중요하다. 이를 위해 우리에게는, 1. 신뢰감：신뢰하는 마음을 가지고 살아가는 능력이 필요하다. 2. 인내심：우리가 하는 일에 대한 희망을 지킬 수 있는 힘은 기다리고 인내할 줄 아는 태도, 지속성, 꾸준함으로 기다릴 줄 아는 지혜가 필요하다. 3. 미래에 대한 예견：늘 자신을 돌아보고, 수치심이나 절망감을 갖는 것이 아니라, 희망으로 바라보며 나의, 그리고 그 사람의 가장 긍정적인 모습을 꿈꾸자.” 우리가 서로에게, 힘든 어느 순간, ‘희망의 통로(Agents of Hope)’가 될 수 있다면, 하는 소망을 가지고 2022년 2월 2일에 민쌤 드림(: (♥ ‘희망의 통로’는 Danald Capps의 표현을 인용한 것입니다)

Part1. 유아교육개론과 유아교육과정 이론 CHAPTER 01 발달이론 01 발달이론 기출경향 분석····································································· 12 02 발달이론 기출문제 분석····································································· 23 CHAPTER 02 유아교육사상사와 유아교육 프로그램 01-1 유아교육사상사와 유아교육 프로그램 기출경향 분석····················· 80 02-1 유아교육사상사 기출문제 분석······················································· 86 02-2 유아교육 프로그램 기출문제 분석··············································· 125 CHAPTER 03 놀이지도 01 놀이지도 기출경향 분석··································································· 132 02 놀이지도 기출문제 분석·································································· 142 CHAPTER 04 유아교사론 01 유아교사론 기출경향 분석································································ 208 02 유아교사론 기출문제 분석······························································· 218 CHAPTER 05 아동상담과 부모교육 01 아동상담과 부모교육 기출경향 분석················································ 256 02 아동상담과 부모교육 기출문제 분석················································ 262 CHAPTER 06 아동권리와 복지/ 유아교육과 유치원 역사 01 아동권리와 복지/ 유치원교육과 유치원 역사 기출경향 분석·········· 296 02 아동권리와 복지/ 유치원교육과 유치원 역사 기출문제 분석·········· 300 CHAPTER 07 유아평가 ㆍ 교육과정 평가 01 유아평가 ㆍ 교육과정 평가 기출경향 분석············································ 326 02 유아평가 ㆍ 교육과정 평가 기출문제 분석··········································· 331 CHAPTER 08 교수-학습 및 교육과정 관련이론 01 교수-학습 및 교육과정이론 기출경향 분석····································· 392 02 교수-학습 및 교육과정이론 기출문제 분석····································· 396 CHAPTER 09 교육과정의 운영 01 교육과정의 운영 기출경향 분석······················································· 432 02 교육과정의 운영 기출문제 분석······················································ 434 CHAPTER 10 누리과정 및 유아교육 관련 법률 01 누리과정 및 유아교육 관련 법률 기출경향 분석····························· 482 02 누리과정 및 유아교육 관련 법률 기출문제 분석···························· 486 Part2 부록 (연도별 기출문제 답안 모아보기, 2013년 추시~2022년) 부록 01 2013학년도 추시 기출문제 답안 2013학년도(추시) 유치원 교육과정A·················································· 534 2013학년도(추시) 유치원 교육과정B·················································· 536 부록 02 2014학년도 기출문제 답안 2014학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 538 2014학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 540 부록 03 2015학년도 기출문제 답안 2015학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 542 2015학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 544 부록 04 2016학년도 기출문제 답안 2016학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 546 2016학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 549 부록 05 2017학년도 기출문제 답안 2017학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 552 2017학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 554 부록 06 2018학년도 기출문제 답안 2018학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 556 2018학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 558 부록 07 2019학년도 기출문제 답안 2019학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 560 2019학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 562 부록 08 2019학년도 추시 기출문제 답안 2019학년도(추시) 유치원 교육과정A·················································· 564 2019학년도(추시) 유치원 교육과정B·················································· 566 부록 09 2020학년도 기출문제 답안 2020학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 570 2020학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 573 부록 10 2021학년도 기출문제 답안 2021학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 576 2021학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 578 부록 11 2022학년도 기출문제 답안 2022학년도 유치원 교육과정A··························································· 582 2022학년도 유치원 교육과정B··························································· 585